hot issues Of plastic pollution control

Introduction:

plastic is an important basic material, which can be said to be everywhere in our life, but the pollution caused by non-standard use and disposal will also bring certain pressure to the ecological environment. The related work arrangement starts from the ordinary people's life side matter, may let the ordinary people also be able to participate in the plastic pollution control work personally, contributes the strength for the ecological environment protection.

1. China's work on plastic pollution control about what is the impact on the lives of our ordinary people? Which products can be used and which can not be used? plastic products are rich in variety, why should china take the lead in banning the use of these categories?

by the end of this year, people living in municipalities directly under the central Government, provincial capitals and cities under separate planning should pay attention to the fact that non-degradable plastic shopping bags can not be used in all kinds of exhibition activities, such as Shangchao, drugstores and bookstores.

since the implementation of the classification of domestic waste, most of the plastic waste has been reasonably recovered and disposed, such as recycling, landfill, incineration and so on, but it is difficult to avoid the leakage of some plastic waste into the natural environment in the re-closed garbage collection system. The disposable plastic products in these easily leaking wastes are relatively difficult to recover and easy to leak. such as waste plastic shopping bags and other basic mixed into the domestic waste disposal system, about half into the landfill, these plastic waste with domestic waste into the landfill takes a long time to completely degrade, there is a greater risk of environmental leakage; For example, disposable non-degradable plastic knives, forks, spoons, disposable plastic straws, easy to mix into kitchen waste,bring difficulties to the subsequent disposal and utilization of kitchen waste such as anaerobic fermentation. Therefore, the first prohibition to restrict the use of this part of plastic products that are easy to leak into the natural environment can reduce the increment of plastic products that leak into the environment. even leakage to the environment can be degraded under natural environment conditions without causing long-term environmental pollution.

2. after part of the plastic can not be used, what else can we use? are these alternative products environmentally friendly?

When we are actively involved in plastic pollution control, some plastic products in life can not be used, but there are some alternative products that can be used. For example, in Shangchao, drugstore, bookstore and other places, we can use environmental protection cloth bags, paper bags and other non-plastic products and degradable shopping bags; in restaurants, we can use straw-free beverage cups, degradable dining utensils, bamboo and wood tableware, such as our ecofriendly and biodegradable paper cup lid and food grade rectangular kraft paper bowl ; it is good for our health and environmental protection ,and will also facilitate our life .

like our biodegradable productsincluding paper cup lid and rectangular paper bowls, the products after degradation are mainly carbon dioxide transformed by organic carbon, microbial organic dead body, mineralized inorganic salt and so on, which are harmless to the environment; such as cloth bags are durable and can be recycled many times, paper bag raw materials are wood, can also be used many times, all belong to environmental protection bags, and are environmentally friendly.

3. what is a biodegradable product?

From the point of view of environmental protection, biodegradable products refer to a class of materials that can be completely degraded under specific conditions or in the natural environment, that is, in nature, such as soil, sand, compost or anaerobic digestion or water body, a class of polymer materials that can eventually be completely degraded into environmentally sound substances. the degraded environmentally sound substances include carbon dioxide or /and methane, water, mineralized inorganic salts, and new biomass (e.g., microbial dead bodies). simply put, biodegradable products can be naturally degraded into small molecules without pollution in the environment, which does not cause harm to the environment and secondary pollution. at present, completely biodegradable polymers are mainly PLA 、 PBAT、PBS、PBSA、PCL、PPC、PGA、PPDO. Glaman ecofriendly paper lid ,paper cups and paper bowls are all made of ecofriendly paperboard with PLA coated,which are 100% compostable and biodegradable. For more details about our products,please visit our website: www.glamanpaperlid.com.

4. can degradable products only degrade under composting conditions? will it be degraded during use?

it is wrong to say that degradable products can only be degraded under composting conditions. Degradable products have different degradation processes under different conditions because of different varieties and different chemical structures. compost is only one of its degradable conditions. most biodegradable plastics degrade in natural environment such as soil, fresh water or sea water. under suitable temperature and humidity, it will degrade and eventually be completely decomposed into environmentally sound substances by microorganisms. For example, materials such as PBAT、PCL、PHA can be completely degraded in six months when the composting, soil, seawater and other conditions are suitable. PLA materials can be degraded completely within six months, although they can be degraded quickly under composting conditions, but they can also be degraded in natural environment such as soil, seawater and so on. For example, in the field experiment of biodegradable plastic film of PBAT、PLA materials in yunnan and Xinjiang, the degradation of plastic film is obvious in the year of experiment, and the film has been completely degraded in the second year after crop harvest and soil tillage. Besides, such as PLA、PBAT、PCL、PHA,, monomer chemical recovery and reuse can be carried out by alcoholysis and acid-base degradation.

in general, the degradation conditions of degradable products include many factors, such as light, oxygen, heat, water, biology and microorganism. in particular, microorganisms are essential to the degradation process. The final stage of the degradation process is to decompose plastics into small molecules such as carbon dioxide and water with the participation of microorganisms. Because the degradation of degradable products requires certain conditions, especially microorganisms, it will not degrade in the daily use process, we can rest assured to use.

5. as an ordinary consumer, how should i judge whether i buy degradable products that meet the requirements of the state?

We can firstly look at the labels or outer packaging or instructions of the products or products we buy for degradable products, such as PLA、PBAT、PBS、PCL、PGA、PHA、PHB、PHBV、PPC, or blends of these materials, such as PBAT PLA, etc. These material marks are completely degradable material marks.

looking at the product standards, the country has issued GB/T 18006.1-2009《general technical requirements for disposable dining utensils, GB/T 38082-2019《biodegradable plastic shopping bags ," all biodegradable drinking straw "and other standards. If we buy these products, we can see if we have these national standards printed.

We can also look at the logo of degradable products, divided into text and graphic logo, china light industry federation and so on will be published to the community in the near future in the form of guidelines (the guide to classification and marking of degradable plastic products has been issued), will also be issued in the form of national standards. The text mark will have the information of product type (resin, masterbatch, special material, film, sheet, box, cup), according to product standard or degradation test method standard, product name (degradation environment condition specific product name), product specification (length, width, thickness, weight), material, etc.; graphic mark, as shown in the figure.

6. on the substitution of degradable paper products, what is the capacity of degradable paper products in china at present? can we meet the domestic market demand?

it is estimated that by the end of 2020, the market demand for plastic products such as disposable plastic tableware, disposable plastic straw, plastic shopping bags and other plastic products prohibited and restricted in the deployment of plastic pollution control work will be about 300000 tons, while the domestic production capacity of completely degradable products can reach about 400000 tons. From the perspective of alternative product capacity analysis, basically can meet the market demand. However, it should be noted that the market demand of different products may also be different, and it is necessary for both supply and demand parties to determine the specific procurement requirements according to the corresponding product standards, supply capacity, etc.

7. are degradable paper products more expensive? will it always be so expensive?

at present, the cost of degradable paper products is indeed higher than that of traditional ordinary plastic products, and the prices of different products are not the same. on average, completely degradable paper products are 2-3 times higher than that of traditional universal disposable plastic products.

However, with the gradual progress of plastic pollution control, it is believed that the whole industry from the source of production to the consumer terminal will reach an environmental friendly material consensus, the market demand will be increasing, the production enterprises will gradually realize industrial transformation, the scale of production will become larger and larger.

8.Does the scale production and application of biodegradable products cause food crisis?

at present, the annual production capacity of biodegradable products in the world is about 1 million tons, with an annual growth rate of about 30 tons. The biodegradable materials prepared from corn starch are mainly polylactic acid. its annual production capacity is about 280000 tons, apparent annual consumption is about 160000 tons. even if the market of degradable materials is developing rapidly, the use of corn starch as raw material to prepare biodegradable materials in recent years is only one million tons, which will not have a fundamental impact on grain. Therefore, in a certain period of time, the development of biodegradable plastics industry will not cause food crisis.

9.Can degradable products and biological-based products be equated?

"Degradable" products and "bio-based" products must not be equal, the two are completely different concepts. "Degradable" products, more from the point of view of environmental pollution control, consider whether materials or products after the use of waste into the garbage disposal system or leakage into the environment, can be completely degraded, and environmentally sound or not to cause environmental pollution. The "biological base" products, more from the point of view of material raw materials, use biomass and other renewable resources to make materials or products, in order to save the use of fossil resources.

in general, as shown in the following figure, biobased products are not necessarily biodegradable, they can be both degradable and non-degradable, and degradable products are not necessarily biobased, which may be biobased or abiotic.